Why is the excavator so powerful? Revealing the source of power of construction machinery
Among the hot topics on the Internet in the past 10 days, the "vigorous" performance of construction machinery, especially excavators, has triggered widespread discussion. Whether it is the efficient operation at the construction site or the popularity of the "excavator show operation" on the short video platform, people are full of curiosity about the power of this machine. This article will analyze the "powerful" secret of the excavator from three aspects: structural design, hydraulic system and power source, and compare the performance differences of different models through structured data.
1. Structural design: lever principle and stability
The design of the excavator's mechanical arm is based on the lever principle, and the force is amplified through the combination of the long arm and the short arm. The following is comparative data on the relationship between arm length and strength of common excavators:
| Model | Arm length (meters) | Maximum digging force (tons) |
|---|---|---|
| Small (1-5 tons) | 3-4 | 1.5-3 |
| Medium size (10-20 tons) | 5-6 | 4-8 |
| Large (more than 30 tons) | 7-10 | 10-20 |
In addition, the chassis design of the excavator adopts a crawler structure, which has a large ground area and high stability, further ensuring the efficiency of force transmission.
2. Hydraulic system: the "amplifier" of power
The hydraulic system is at the heart of an excavator's power. By driving a hydraulic cylinder through a high-pressure oil pump, the power of the engine can be converted into huge mechanical force. The following is the pressure and force relationship of mainstream hydraulic systems:
| Hydraulic system type | Working pressure (MPa) | power conversion efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| low pressure system | 10-15 | 70%-80% |
| Medium voltage system | 20-25 | 85%-90% |
| high pressure system | 30-35 | 90%-95% |
Modern excavators mostly use high-pressure systems, combined with precision control valves, to achieve precise and powerful force output.
3. Power source: the surging power of diesel engine
Excavators are usually equipped with high-power diesel engines, and their low-speed and high-torque characteristics are very suitable for heavy-duty operations. The following is a comparison of the power configurations of different levels of excavators:
| Engine power (kW) | Torque (N·m) | Applicable models |
|---|---|---|
| 50-100 | 300-600 | small excavator |
| 100-200 | 600-1200 | medium excavator |
| More than 200 | 1200-2500 | Large excavator |
In addition, some new models also introduce hybrid technology to further improve energy efficiency and explosive power.
Summary
The "power" of the excavator is the perfect combination of mechanical design, hydraulic technology and power system. From the lever principle to the high-pressure hydraulic oil, from the diesel engine to the intelligent control system, every step provides a guarantee for its power. In the future, with the development of technology, excavators may show even more amazing "aesthetics of violence."
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